Saxophone is a family of wood wind instruments . Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single - reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet . The Saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe sax in 1840 . Sax wanted to create a group or a series of instrument that would be the most powerful and vocal of the wood winds , and the most adoptive of the brass that would fill the vacant middle ground between the two sections . He patented the Saxophone on June 28 , 1846 , in two groups of seven instruments each . Each series consisted of instruments of various sizes in alternating transposition . The series pitched in Bb and Eb designed for military .
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